Stem Cells And Its Effects On The Body - 885 Words

Stem cells have remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types during early life and growth in the body. Different tissues serve as all sorts of internal repair systems, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or even animal are still alive. When stem cells can divide, they can turn into new cells and have the potential either to remain a stem cell, or become another type of cell with a more specialized function. A cell with a specialized function is one such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell. (â€Å"Stem cell basics: Introduction [Stem cell Information],† 2016) Stem cells are extracted from fetuses. Scientists have discovered certain ways to use unspecialized cells found in bone marrow, as well as those found in umbilical cord blood and unique skin cells. As medical research teams take advantage of these findings, they are exploring the controversy surrounding the harvesting and use of stem cells, as well as expanding medical and public knowledge about stem cells. The extraction of stem cells may cure many diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. (Today, 2004) With these new means of acquiring stem cells, a chance of healing these illnesses increases. Not only will there be more stem cells available for research and healing purposes, but the long fought battle over abortion will find its median. The importance of stem cell research can be seen as a breakthrough for humansShow MoreRelatedStem Cells And Its Effect On The Human Body1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are unspecialized cells of a multicellular organism and it has capability changing into any type cell. When stem cells divides, the new cell has the potential of choosing whether to stay a stem cell or turn into any type of specialized such as: skin cells, neurons, muscle cells and many more. Stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. In the early stage of the development, stem cells have the extraordinary potential to develop into any type of cell in theRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Body Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesStem cells can be used to create different cells in the body. All stem cells can divide overtime to create another stem cell or a new type of cell which will have a more specialized role in the body. These new cells can function in different areas in the body and create different types of tissues such as a muscle tissue, a kidney tissue, a skin tissue, a lung tissue, and a brain tissue. There are different types of st em cells: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cellsRead MoreThe Effects Of Stem Cell On The Human Body2802 Words   |  12 Pagesincurable but embryotic stem cells may hold the cure. With that said, many researchers in the medical field have become quite involved in the study of stem cells. A stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two different types of stem cells: adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. These cells are important because they have the ability to repair damaged tissue in the human body. Although they are bothRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On The Human Body998 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to be developed into many different specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone cells, muscle cells, and many more. Stem cells used in research today derive from mainly two sources, embryos f rom the blastocyst phase of embryological development, known as embryonic stem cells, and adult tissue, known as adult stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics†). Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are roughly five-days-old, when it is in theRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Body During The Initial Process Of Growth And Development2750 Words   |  11 PagesStem cells develop itself into various types of cells inside the body during the initial process of growth and development. Coupled with it, stem cells also play the role of an internal recovery system, in which it replicates itself limitlessly to stocks up the rest of the cells till the individual remains alive. When a stem cell multiplies itself, every new cell produced has the ability to perform the functions of a stem cell or may become some other sort of cell with greater and better well versedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife, cells make up every organ and body pa rt of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonicRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Or No?1006 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells or No? Did you know that since 1981, researchers have been removing embryonic stem cells from thousands of embryos to create cells that could potentially save people from diseases? How many patients do you think this has helped since then? Hundreds? Thousands? Wrong. In fact, not one â€Å"cure† has been found to help people with Parkinson’s, cancer, heart disease and so many more rare diseases that it is said to be able to help. Embryonic stem cell research has been an issue inRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1665 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells have advanced the way researchers look at curing what were once considered untreatable diseases. Modern technology has played a key role in the discovering of these stem cells and how they are used in the body. Many argue that the use of adult and embryonic cells is unethical and inhumane to society, however, there is one point taken into consideration when making that statement; if researchers could develop a cure for a disease that was affecting a family member of those who oppose itRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed1170 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of stem cells. Many people think stem cell research should not be allowed, due to the fact that researchers mostly use stem cells from embryos. But, if an eight year old boy’s life can be extended or even saved through the stem cell surgery, the research using stem cells should continue. In 1978, an important discovery was uncovered in our medical world; stem cells were recognized in human cord blood (Murnaghan, â€Å"History of Stem Cell Research† N.p). With the discovery of stem cells, researchers

The Bad Side of My Dream College Essay Samples

The Bad Side of My Dream College Essay Samples Based on the class difference, one's dream may differ from others. Having saved up money, it isn't so difficult to purchase or construct your property. When the home is built, I get the opportunity to get it finished in specifications whom I want. Evidently, understanding how to clean burning oil isn't high on the list of things every 9-year-old should know. For nearly all of the folks theta managed, it has to have been a bumpy ride in their opinion. Most people have a difficult time checking over their very own work. Every day I see people begging for a couple pennies on the street so they can help their nearest and dearest. Allow it to sit for a couple days untouched. Regrettably, it's not so all around the globe and a number of women and young girls in different lands aren't permitted to be that free. Most folks agree that a great education is truly essential in life. Your life will be entirely miserable. Concentrate on personal achievements, your loved ones or friends working hard to live successful lives. Dream College Essay Samples Features It is extremely important to understand exactly what this American dream essay is all about. Yes, there's somebody who can aid you with your essays expert essay writers at MyPerfectWords. So as to comprehend what's the American Dream essay, one needs to approach it as classic research paper. These seven sample essays respond to a range of thought-provoking questions. This sort of essay is a lot more than merely a simple telling of the story. In the end, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. Therefore, if you begin with a terrible topic, not only will you wind up with a poor essay, but you risk ruining the superior impression that the remainder of your application makes. From time to time, even when you're writing about an interesting, relevant subject, you are still able to appear immature or unready for college life due to the manner in whic h you present that topic the way you truly write your individual statement. Only then are you going to be able to attain major dreams. It is important to remain motivated and stop only when you've achieved your dream. Although only dreaming does not help, you need to work hard to reach your dreams. Goal of life Everyone's dream is to earn a prosperous career. Dreams play a significant part in shaping our future. Dreaming is quite a wonderful thing. My perfect school would need to be with a great deal of sport activities, have many computer classes and involve lots of outdoor pursuits. The essay is where to enable the admissions office of your intended college get to understand your personality, character, and the talents and abilities that aren't on your transcript. It's essential to demonstrate your capacity to be a thorough observer of the Earth, since that will be one of your most important jobs as a college student. You will need to spell out why college education is valuable to you and why you will take it quite seriously. The Unexpected Truth About My Dream College Essay Samples As you set short-term objectives, also maintain a reward for each milestone you achieve. It's only once you enjoy excellent health you shall be in a position to concentrate on other things in life. As soon as it is of extreme value to set up oneself professionally, what people forget is that it's just as important to commit time to nurture relationships, health and other facets of life. The aims of the relationship There's a distinctive location for relationships in our lives. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. My dream is to be a professional photographer. In this instance, you're attempting to make yourself memorable to an admissions officer that has been reading thousands of different essays. Us trying to seek out class essay. Unfortunately, stumbling in the TMI zone of essay topics is more prevalent than you believe. If you wish to be admitted to nursing school, you are going to have to compose a why I need to be a nurse essay. Now that you're aware that we are the ideal online essay writing service to work with, don't hesitate to go to our site and order an essay. The significance of a college education essay is going to be employed by the admissions committee to appraise your capacity to compose an academic paper. The Hidden Truth About My Dream College Essay Samples It's very valuable to take writing apart to be able to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. The value of soft skills like communication can be judged by the simple fact they're almost an important requirement for the top management positions. All your details and data will be saved in our secure databases. Payment Process Now that you're sure that you have provided all of the essential information for your assignme nt proceed to spend money on the service.

Robert Bolt Essay Example For Students

Robert Bolt Essay Over his lengthy, distinguished career, British screenwriter and playwright Robert Bolt has been thrice nominated for Academy Awards and has won twice for Doctor Zhivago (1965) and A Man for All Seasons(1966). Born and raised in Manchester, Bolt served in the British Air Force during WWII and afterward attended Manchester University. Following graduation, Bolt became a teacher of English at the prestigious Millfield private school in Somerset. He remained there between 1950-58. In his spare time, Bolt wrote radio and stage plays, but gained little recognition until he penned the script for his play Flowering Cherry (1957). His third play, A Man for All Seasons opened in 1960; the original production made actor Paul Scofield a star and was a hit on the London and Broadway stage. The publicity surrounding the production attracted the attention of movie producer Sam Spiegel who hired Bolt to completely revise recently exiled writer Michael Wilsons script for David Leans Lawrence of Arabia. (1962). The result was an Academy Award nomination for Bolts script. Throughout the decade, Bolt would specialize in adapting literature to the screen. He would not have an original script produced until Lean directed Bolts Ryans Daughter (1970). Unfortunately, the film bombed at the box-office. After that, Bolt spent a while working on his playwrighting career and found success with Vivat! Vivat Regina! (1970). His next script was for the costume drama Lady Caroline Lamb (1972) starring Bolts wife Sarah Miles, who had also starred in Ryans Daughter. In 1976, Lean approached Bolt with a new idea for an epic reworking of the story of the Bounty mutiny. With funding by Dino De Laurentiis and Paramount studio, Bolt set to work on the script. Over the next two years, Bolt concentrated most of his energy on the script, creating two versions. Their working titles were The Law Breakers and The Long Arm. He had completed the former script but suffered a massive heart attack on April 12, 1979 followed by a stroke, and he was unable to finish the second script. In 1984, however, the first script was made into The Bounty directed Roger Donaldson. Bolt saw his final script The Mission, produced in 1986. Sandra Brennan, All Movie Guide Bibliography:

The Great Gatsby Movie Adaptations

'The Great Gatsby' Movie Adaptations The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the great novels in American literature, but into which formats (and multimedia) forms have the novel been adapted? The answer is several. In all, there are six film versions of The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald: 1926 - The Great Gatsby Distributed by: Paramount PicturesReleased: Nov. 21, 1926Directed by: Herbert BrenonProduced by: Jesse L. Lasky and Adolph ZukorSilent movie, based on a stage adaptation written by Owen Davis. Also written by Becky Gardiner and Elizabeth MeehanStarring: Warner Baxter, Lois Wilson, and William Powell.No copies of the entire film are known to exist, but the National Archives has a trailer for the film. 1949 - The Great Gatsby Distributed by: Paramount PicturesDirected by: Elliott NugentProduced by: Richard MaibaumStarring: Alan Ladd, Betty Field, Macdonald Carey, Ruth Hussey, Barry Sullivan, Shelley Winters, and Howard Da SilvaWriters: Richard Maibaum and Cyril Hume (also the stage adaptation by Owen Davis)Music by: Robert Emmett DolanCinematography: John F. SeitzEditing by: Ellsworth Hoagland 1974 - The Great Gatsby Distributed by: Newdon Productions and Paramount PicturesRelease date: March 29, 1974Directed by: Jack Clayton (In MemoirsTennessee Williams wrote: It seems to me that quite a few of my stories, as well as my one acts, would provide interesting and profitable material for the contemporary cinema, if committed to ... such cinematic masters of direction as Jack Clayton, who made of The Great Gatsby a film that even surpassed, I think, the novel by Scott Fitzgerald.)Starring: Sam Waterston, Mia Farrow, Robert Redford, Bruce Dern, and Karen Black.Screenplay by: Francis Ford Coppola 2000 - The Great Gatsby Directed by Robert MarkowitzMade-for-TV movie.Starring: Toby Stephens, Paul Rudd, and Mira Sorvino. 2002 - G Directed by: Christopher Scott CherotModernizedStarring: Richard T. Jones, Blair Underwood, and Chenoa Maxwell 2013 - The Great Gatsby Directed by: Baz LuhrmannRelease date: May 10, 2013Starring: Leonardo DiCaprio, Carey Mulligan, and Tobey Maguire.

Wwii Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London, Free Essays

Wwii Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London, Free Essays Wwii Americas involvement in World War Two When war broke out , there was no way the world could possibly know the severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. Americas Involvement in World War two not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the united states entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse. Over the years it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the united states could have entered the war sooner and thus have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the peoples and governments point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was agreed that the United states stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs not having to with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Thus the provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a comprehensive and permanent neutrality act was passed (Overy 259). The desire to avoid foreign entanglements of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. A very real geographical Isolation permitted the United States to fill up the empty lands of North America free from the threat of foreign conflict(Churchill 563). Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness. When asked to evaluate how many troops were available if and when the United States would get involved, the army could only gather a mere one hundred thousand, when the French, Russian and Japanese armies numbered in millions. Its weapons dated from the first World War and were no match compared to the new artillery that Germany and its allies had. American soldiers were more at home with the horse than with the tank (Overy 273). The air force was just as bad if not worse. In September 1939 the Air Corps had only 800 combat aircrafts again compared with Germanys 3600 and Russias 10,000 . American military Aviation (AMA) in 1938 was able to produce only 1,800, 300 less than Germany, and 1,400 less than Japan. Major Eisenhower, who was later Supreme commander of the Allied forces in the second World War, compl ained that America was left with only a shell of military establishment (Chapman 234 ). As was evident to Roosevelt the United states military was in no way prepared to enter this European crisis. Another aspect that we have to consider is the peoples views and thoughts regarding the United States going to war. After all let us not forget that the American government is there for the people and by the people and therefore the peoples view did play a major role in this declaration of Neutrality. In one of Roosevelts fireside chats he said We shun political commitments which might entangle us In foreign wars...If we face the choice of profits or peace-this nation must answer, the nation will answer we choose peace ,in which they did. A poll taken in 1939 revealed that ninety-four per cent of the citizens did not want the united states to enter the war. The shock of World War one had still not left ,and entering a new war, they felt, would be foolish. In the early stages of the war American Ambassador to London was quoted saying Its the end of the world, the end of everything ( Overy 261). As Richard Overy notes in The Road To War, this growing estrangement from Europe was not me re selfishness. They were the values expressed by secretary of state, Cordel Hull: a primary interest in peace with justice,

5 Ways To Avoid Interview Panic

5 Ways To Avoid Interview Panic So much work goes into the job search process that by the interview phase, emotions can run tense. You’ve worked so hard to get in the door and now the stakes are high, your palms are sweating, and you’re a bundle of nerves. Here are five things you can do to keep your cool and rock your interview.1. Prepare before you goThe best way to not panic in the interview is to be super well-prepared. If you know everything there is to know about the company and the position, if you have answers to all the usual questions, plus a few unusual ones, if you’re ready with thoughtful, constructive questions for your interviewer when prompted†¦ if you’ve done all of this, then you won’t be nervous about what’s to come. You’ll look confident, driven, and smart, and they’ll know without a doubt you wanted the job enough to do your homework. Who knows, the interview could even turn out to be enjoyable for both of you.2. Get some sleepYouâ₠¬â„¢re nervous. You can’t imagine calming down enough to go to sleep before the big day. But rather than staying up all night pacing (or watching Netflix, or surfing Facebook on your phone) in your darkened bedroom, make yourself a cup of tea and go to bed. You’ll be much fresher and sharper tomorrow, and infinitely less stressed.3. Practice makes perfectGet everything ready the night before. Try on and lay out what you plan to wear. Make sure your shoes are polished and your documents are in order. Then see if you can’t get a friend or roommate to practice asking you questions and assessing your answers. Saying things out loud the night before can make you sound more put together when you’re in the interview.4. Pump upListen to music that either soothes you or motivates you on your way to the interview. Studies show it can have a measurable effect. At very least, it’ll put a bit of bounce into your step and allow you to walk in relaxed and confide nt.5. Show up earlyBeing late is a big strike against you. But being a little early never hurt- especially if you’ve never been to that particular part of town or office before. You’ll be glad you have a few minutes of leeway in case your GPS messes up or you run into unexpected traffic.

Explaining a Concept Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Explaining a Concept Research Paper - Essay Example Spilbury (6) notes that same-sex marriage, which takes place between two people of the same gender, may occur either between two men, who are known as homosexual or gay, or homosexual women, known as lesbians, while heterosexuals are attracted to members of the opposite sex. The scholar also points out that for some; homosexuality is a gradually developing realization, while some say they knew they were homosexual from a young age. Many people find their attraction directed towards a member of the same sex for a while. This is perfectly normal and it doesn’t mean they are homosexual, though sometimes it may. The widespread of same-sex marriage within the United States and indeed over the whole world is rising with its legalization. According to a survey published in The Gay Law report in June 2013, 55 percent of Americans strongly favor or favor gay marriage, 44 percent oppose or strongly oppose gay marriage, 2 percent of the interviewees are unsure and gay marriage support ha s annually increased for the past two decades by 1 percent. The total number of gay couples at the time was 594,391. According to the report, in most cities, 1-4 percent of the population is made up of gay people, with metropolitan areas having the most concentration. In an article published in The Independent in the UK, one in 100 people in the UK are gay or lesbian according to statistics published on sexuality, and more than 480,000 consider themselves gay or lesbian. A recent research by the Associated Press showed that several states in the United States allow same-sex marriage. They include Iowa, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Washington and Vermont. The District of Columbia also issues licenses to same-sex couples. Massachusetts was the first to allow same-sex couples to wed. According to the article, same-sex couples have been marrying for almost 9 years within the state. The article reports that The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in November 2003 ruled that it was against the constitution to bar same-sex marriages in the state. Same-sex weddings were allowed, starting from May 17, 2004. The research also shows that 30 states, including California, ban same-sex marriages within their constitutions. New Mexico law is however silent on the issue. At least 8 nations globally have legalized same-sex marriage, namely Canada, Belgium, Norway, Netherlands, Spain, South Africa, Sweden and Spain. Religion and Same-sex Marriage There are various attitudes and arguments for or against same-sex marriages, mostly dictated by an individual’s or group’s religious background. According to Grill, Babst, and Pierceson (51), opposition to both same-sex marriage and same-sex relationships is most often defended for religious reasons and that both religion and sexual orientation are regarded, in theory, as private matters. Thus heterosexuality is considered the norm, and those whose practices, beliefs and identitie s diverge from the norm are marginalized, by being prevented from fully participating in public while open about their identities and beliefs. Christianity bases its moral stand on same-sex marriage on the biblical theory that one woman was created for one man, and that is therefore the way nature intended it. In the Islamic religion, same-sex marriages and relationships have got strong prohibitions. Newton notes that in

Historic Richmondtown in Staten Island NY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Historic Richmondtown in Staten Island NY - Essay Example One major concern for the site is ultimately preserving the historic character of the town. Without question modern influences encroach on the landscape but maintaining infrastructure that is true to the character of the region does represent a significant logistical concern. According to OGrady (2000) it is the case that one of the signature bridges of the region (The Richmond Creek Bridge) which was built in 1845 has been so degraded over time that it needs serious infrastructure renewal. The main concern with repairing this bridge is that there are significant costs associated with restoring structures to their original form. The department of infrastructure had to award a $295,000 contract to a engineering firm to simply assess the feasibility of restoring the bridge to its original form. From this perspective one could discuss the matter of whether or not a structure that had to be extensively renovated is actually a piece of living history. Without question the physical maintaining of the historic properties is a daunting task insofar as according to Larrivee (2008) the historic buildings represent a wide range of conditions and repair. So it could be argued that owing to the wide spectrum or building states adds not only character but also in helps to improve the historical element of the historic site. Because visitors can witness properties and building sites in complete original form, mid-repair and, post reparation means that visitors can view a better range, rather than a single rebuild site or completely decrepit abandoned site. Schmitt, A (2009) Historic Richmond Town: The American Experience from the 17th Century Until Today. Historic Richmond Town website. [online] Available at http://www.historicrichmondtown.org/ Accessed on September 15th

Developmental psychology Essay Example for Free

Developmental psychology Essay I have identified a number of themes from both interviews which relate to Jo and Tonys childhood and life experiences and how these have influenced their development and how their childrens lives have differed from their own. Â  Educational influence Educational issues appear to have influenced both Tony and Jo Tony refers to himself as being uneducated: And then I only went to school for a year, after I was eleven. Tony ex plains this was due to the years education he did receive: I had a very interesting year the years education I had was very interesting situation in at a boarding school in Sussex. Where I was I learned a great deal actually. Lines 34-36 He says that other influences had contributed to his education: strange influences, and yes I suppose I am self-educated Ive read an awful lot obviously Lines 40 41 Jo describes her education as being different I went to school in Leeds til I was eight and then I was evacuated. Lines 44 45 I then went to boarding school for the next ten years Lines 46 -47 * Parental influence There are several references to Jo and Tonys views on the important role of parenting, for them this had been through their parents work and religious beliefs: Tony: Victorian Work Ethic in Line 54 Tony and Jo agree that religion was a very big influence from their parents Tony Lines 63 67: Jos mother was brought up as a Methodist and my father was as well. And I think Methodist principles were fairly firmly entrenched. And Yes I think that has, that makes us to a certain extent the sort of people we are. In lines 81 82 Tony talks about which career paths were available to them and ones parents experiences and aspirations certainly entered into it as well In the second interview both Tony and Jo make reference to separation from their fathers because of the war, this appears to be a shared experience for both of them. Jo then compares this with their own childrens experience of separation, their children feared that Tony and Jo would separate like another family that they knew. Jo says that when the children are young it is important to make sacrifices or you adapt Line 122 Interests could be pursued later. She emphasizes this further if you want to nurture and encourage your children, then some one or other had got to stay, perhaps hold back a little to give as much as you can to your children Lines 145 148. Although Jo acknowledges that women have equal rights today in contrast with the past, she believes that in order to provide a nurturing role women should still put their children first. She also talks about the importance of stability for children children like stability. And its the stable base that you make around them that matters more Lines 154 -156 * Social/cultural/historical influence Historical influence has played a part in Jo and Tonys development, the war had a huge impact on them, their fathers went away and there was uncertainty as to whether they would return. The educational opportunities available differed between them, Jo went to school and boarding school but Tony only had one year of education and apart from this was self taught.

Free Essays - The role of Antonio in Shakespeares Tempest :: Tempest essays

The role of Antonio in Shakespeare's Tempest          [Note: In this written work Antonio thinks of himself as an innocent person and believes that the world is doing wrong to him .He also believes that his rights have been snatched from him and no one in this world is more miserable and sympathy deserving than him.]       Life is so miserable. Here I sit in a corner of this darkened room all alone thinking about my past and trying to figure out what to do with my futile life .The night is dark and long just like the rest of my life. But it is not too late, as long as I am living I will struggle to get what I deserve. Life has become very upsetting lately and I miss the times when I was the highest authority and the sole Duke on Milan. Now things have changed and I sit here in my room helpless, with nothing in my hand, no charge or position in Milan. What a glory I have experienced, guards on my security at all times, wo castles with several maids at my service, I worked with people I liked and got rid of the useless ones. I was the master and everyone else a slave, my orders were fulfilled in no time and I lived a happy life. If only I had planned more carefully and kept track of my men putting my brother to eternal sleep I would have been living a pleasant life of a duke; I would never ha ve been hopeless to Prospero's powers.       Ugh... I hear Prospero's insulting words in my ears. How could I have possibly heard those insulting words from him at the island when he snatched my dukedom from me? At that time my life was in his hands.   Looking at him now sitting at the place where I have ruled for 12 years is an unbearable sight to me. What is my future? ...A slave for Prospero? No! I will not let this happen. Prospero is taking revenge from me, he treats me like I am nothing .He doesn't miss any chance of teasing me. He did the worst to me today.

Bristol Myers Squibb

Bristol Myers Squibb was formed in 1887 when McLaren Bristol and John Ripley Myers bought the Clinton pharmaceutical Company in Clinton New York. In 1900 Bristol-Myers broke through into the black — it has remained there ever since. In 1924, gross profits topped $1 million for the first time in Bristol-Myers’ history. The company’s products were then sold in 26 countries. At this point, the shares held by John Myers’s heirs became available for sale, triggering a series of moves that in 1929 turned Bristol-Myers into a publicly held company, listed on the New York Stock Exchange.The postwar depression prompted Bristol-Myers to jettison its pharmaceutical business and devote itself entirely to its specialties: Sal Hepatica and Ipana, its two big winners, and a dozen or so assorted toiletries, antiseptics and cough syrups. By the end of the war, it was clear that penicillin and other antibiotics represented an immense opportunity for Bristol-Myers. In 1921 t he Squibb Company coined its slogan: â€Å"The priceless ingredient in every product is the honor and integrity of its maker†, which is now the corporate slogan of Bristol Myers Squibb.In 1989 Bristol-Myers merged with Squibb, creating a global leader in the health care industry. The merger created what was then the world’s second-largest pharmaceutical enterprise. BMS is now ranked #8 in the pharma sector. Current Drugs, Issues and Interests The Company operates in three segments: Pharmaceuticals, Nutritionals and Other Healthcare. The Pharmaceuticals segment is made up of the global pharmaceutical and international consumer medicines business. The Nutritionals segment consists of Mead Johnson Nutritionals (Mead Johnson), primarily an infant formula and children's nutritional business.The Other Healthcare segment consists of ConvaTec, Medical Imaging and Consumer Medicines (United States and Canada) businesses. In 1991, the company received U. S. Food and Drug Adminis tration (FDA) approval in the U. S. for Videx ® (didanosine) also known as ddI, making it the second medicine available for treating HIV infection (the other being AZT). Other approvals that year included an antibiotic, Cefzil ® (cefprozil); two cardiovascular agents, Pravachol ® (pravastatin sodium) Tablets and Monopril ® (fosinopril sodium) Tablets; and a central nervous system drug, Stadol NS ® (butorphanol tartrate) C-IV.In that same year, the companies signed a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the National Cancer Institute to research and develop a new compound for treating certain types of cancer. This compound, TAXOL ® (paclitaxel) Injection, immediately was established as the company’s top research priority. Bristol-Myers Squibb invested hundreds of millions of dollars to supply TAXOL in sufficient quantities for clinical trials, to prepare data for regulatory submission and to develop alternative sources of TAXOL (which originally was d erived from the bark of an endangered tree, the Pacific Yew).TAXOL launched in 1993 and quickly became one of the world’s most widely used cancer treatments. For a few years BMS held the exclusive rights to harvest the bark of the endangered yew trees on US soil, the tree’s bark is used in making TAXOL. By the end of 1995, the company had over 60 product lines with $50 million or more in annual sales worldwide. At the beginning of 1998, the FDA granted clearance to market Excedrin ® Migraine for the relief of migraine headache pain and associated symptoms. Excedrin Migraine became the first migraine headache medication available to consumers without a prescription.In 1999, Bristol-Myers Squibb announced SECURE THE FUTUREâ„ ¢, a $100 million commitment to advance HIV/AIDS research and community outreach programs in five southern African countries: South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. And in 2000, Bristol-Myers Squibb, together with four other pha rmaceutical companies and international agencies, joined the UNAIDS Drug ACCESS Initiative. The ACCESS program aims to make antiretroviral medicines and therapies to treat opportunistic infections more widely available in African countries that have developed a coherent national AIDS strategy.As part of the program, the company offered to lower the prices of HIV/AIDS medicines in those countries by 90 percent. More recently, Bristol-Myers Squibb took its access efforts a step further, offering HIV/AIDS drugs below cost in Africa and committing an additional $15 million for extending SECURE THE FUTURE to four Western African countries — Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. The company is also ensuring that its patents do not prevent inexpensive HIV/AIDS therapy in Africa.The patent for Zerit, rights to which are owned by Yale University and Bristol-Myers Squibb, is now available at no cost to treat AIDS in southern Africa. However, issues like losing patents l ike this and a few more in South Africa has caused many problems for drug companies and BMS is not immune to them. In September 2000, Bristol-Myers Squibb announced a new strategy that includes a sharpened focus on medicines and an aggressive external development program. As part of this new strategy, the company announced its intention to divest its Clairol and Zimmer businesses.The company announced in June 2001 that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company for $7. 8 billion; an acquisition intended to further strengthen Bristol-Myers Squibb’s medicines business. With the DuPont acquisition, Bristol-Myers Squibb added Sustiva ® (efavirenz) Capsules to its HIV portfolio and also gained products such as Coumadin ® (warfarin sodium tablets, USP) Crystalline, the U. S. leading prescribed anti-coagulant and Cardiolite ® (Kit for the preparation of Technetium Tc99m Sestamibi for Injection), a medical imaging agent.In November 2002, the FDA approved Abilify ® (aripiprazole) for the treatment of schizophrenia. In 2003, the company teamed up with cancer survivor and Tour de France champion Lance Armstrong to sponsor the Bristol-Myers Squibb TOUR OF HOPEâ„ ¢, an unprecedented week-long coast-to-coast cycling event. En route, the 26-member team of cancer survivors, caregivers, physicians, nurses and researchers raised awareness of cancer research and the importance of clinical trials in developing new treatments.Reyataz ® (atazanavir sulfate), the first protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV/AIDS with once-a-day dosing, was introduced in the U. S. in July 2003 and approved for marketing in Europe in March 2004. On March 29, 2005, the FDA approved Baraclude ® (entecavir). Baraclude, discovered by Bristol-Myers Squibb scientists, is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. Bristol-Myers Squibb announced the FDA approval of Orencia ® (abatacept) for the treatment of rheumatoi d arthritis on December 23, 2005. Orencia is the first in a new class of medications for this disease.On February 28, 2006, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Somerset Pharmaceuticals announced FDA approval of EMSAM ® (selegiline trasdermal system), the first transdermal patch for the treatment of major depressive disorder. SPRYCEL ® (dasatinib), discovered by Bristol-Myers Squibb scientists, was approved by the FDA on June 28, 2006, for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences announced the FDA approval of ATRIPLAâ„ ¢ (efavirenz 600 mg/ emtricitabine 200 mg/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) on July 12, 2006. ATRIPLA is the first-ever once-daily single tablet regimen for HIV.As a strategy they are focusing on ten diseases, these are affective (psychiatric) disorders, Alzheimer’s/dementia, atherosclerosis/thrombosis, diabetes, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, obesity, oncology, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases, and solid organ transpla nt. Current Financials The current financial information of the company from MSN Central is as below. The revenues have not been growing in spite of all the successful products that have been launched and that is an area for change. The company needs to improve its revenues and have a positive trend in profits too.The profits are almost 16%, however, that looks pale when compared to GSK and Merck – both in the 20- 22% range (Fortune 500 list). In fact at 15%, the company is ranked 10 out of 12 in the pharma sector and the revenues are 8 out of 12. That for a company that is going to be 120 years in 2007 is poor. As discussed in the current drugs, issues and interests section, the company is focusing on some key diseases and getting some fantastic drugs in the market. However, all this is somehow not improving the revenue. In fact in the last 5 years, revenue has grown at less than 2% year on year.On the current price ($24), the share gives a 6% return on investment (EPS is $1 . 43). Currently, they are benefiting from the effects of letting go of their CEO Peter Dolan and the company is touted as a takeover target. Their major problem is the failure to prevent Apotex from manufacturing Plavix. Although BMS tried to stop Apotex by getting into a deal that would give Apotex $40 million for not manufacturing the drug, the US State Attorney Generals however didn’t let the deal go through and instead the company got into an investigation because of the whole mess that the deal created.From the BMS perspective, they were doing the right thing; Plavix generates revenues of $5. 9 Billion. $3. 8 Billion are BMS and the rest is Sanofi-Aventis. $3. 8Billion is almost 20% of BMS’s revenue and Plavix gives approximately 40% of the profits in their US business. All this has a big impact on the dividend given by the company and most analysts have suggested that the dividend payout will have to be cut by almost 30-40 cents; it was $1. 12 the previous year. BMS has a good line up of drugs that are in the pipeline and would be a good takeover for any pharma company that has strong cash flow but weak pipeline. These are rumors but looking at the current scenario, it is a good possibility. The interim CEO James Cornelius headed Guidant and helped its sell-off. Vision, Mission and Goals The current vision mission and goals of BMS are referred as a pledge. The pledges are to different stakeholders and are as follows: The BMS Pledge Our company’s mission is to extend and enhance human life by providing the highest-quality pharmaceutical and related health care products.We pledge — to our patients and customers, to our employees and partners, to our shareholders and neighbors, and to the world we serve — to act on our belief that the priceless ingredient of every product is the honor and integrity of its maker. To Customers We pledge excellence in everything we make and market, providing the safest, most effective and hig hest-quality medicines and health care products. We promise to continually improve our products through innovation, diligent research and development, and an unyielding commitment to be the very best. To ShareholdersWe pledge our dedication to responsibly increasing the shareholder value of your company based upon continued growth, strong finances, productive collaborations and innovation in research and development. To Communities We pledge conscientious citizenship, a helping hand for worthwhile causes and constructive action that supports a clean and healthy environment. We pledge Bristol-Myers Squibb to the highest standard of moral and ethical behavior and to policies and practices that fully embody the responsibility, integrity and decency required of free enterprise if it is to merit and maintain the confidence of our society.The new era for BMS must ensure that the pledge to the shareholders is held more firmly than it has been in the last few years. The company must improve revenues and margins. The stagnant revenues and profits are a cause for worry in the longer run. All pharma companies are fighting against smaller companies that want to make generics and Pfizer itself has been fighting for the patent of Lipitor, the world’s best selling drug with $12. 9 Billion in revenues. BMS needs to ensure that the scandals that have been hitting it in the last 5 years never happen again and the company needs to have a higher standard of governance.Shareholder value erodes very quickly for many reasons, but off the last 3-5 years, corporate governance has been a major issue. Companies with tens of billions of dollars of revenue have disappeared and stockholders have suddenly seen their investment disappear with them. BMS has serious corporate governance issues. The company was hit by financial scandals when it was caught pushing inventories and showing them as sales. They have a court appointed overseer because of showing higher revenues and now with th e Plavix issue they are in an even bigger mess as far as corporate governance goes.Apart from that, according to IMS health, a pharmaceutical information and consulting company, sales of prescription medicines worldwide rose 7% to $602 billion,. The United States still accounts for the lion's share of that, with $252 billion in annual sales, but sales in it and the other nine biggest markets grew by only 5. 7%. But emerging markets such as China, Russia, South Korea and Mexico outpaced those markets, growing a whopping 81%. However, when we look at the overall picture 10 -20 years from now we see that the population of the developed world is going to fall and there will be more and more people who will be retired.This also means there will be more medicines required. I do not see myself dying at the age of 70 in the year 2040; medical technology will be so advanced in the next 30 years that it will probably keep me alive till I reach 80 or 90. This is great news for the pharma compa nies. However, the question beckons that the people who can afford expensive medicines for diseases that BMS is targeting are only in the developed countries where the growth has stagnated or is less than 10%. The growth is in the developing world, but the diseases that BMS is targeting are all that need lots of medicines and very expensive medicines.Taxol for example, is used for cancer patients. The medicine is now made by other companies too, and yet the prices for Taxol in the developing world are really high and people find it hard to afford Taxol. In my opinion, BMS has to handle 2 issues: First is Corporate Governance and the second is to crack the developing markets and increase market share in those countries, this will automatically increase its stagnant revenues and breathe some life into its ailing business. The markets are stagnant in the developed world.New Vision Statement I am making a few changes to the current pledges that BMS has to customers and shareholders. The changes reflect what the company needs to do in order to transform itself. To Customers We pledge excellence in everything we make and market, providing the safest, most effective, and cost effective and highest-quality medicines and health care products. We promise to continually improve our products through innovation, diligent research and development, and an unyielding commitment to be the very best. To ShareholdersWe pledge our dedication to responsibly increasing the shareholder value of your company based upon continued growth, strong finances, productive collaborations and innovation in research and development. We pledge to be extremely careful in all governance issues and not succumb to the pressures of the market. We pledge to conduct our business with utmost fairness. Key Change Issues Lack of Corporate Governance is something that no company will admit, but that is the major problem facing BMS right now. Having an overseer is a bad indicator. The key change issues that we will face while changing the attitude towards corporate governance are:1. The first issue is to change the behavior of bosses who force employees to act in ways that will be against any corporate governance policy. 2. The second change will be to create an atmosphere where an employee can raise an integrity or corporate governance concern. This is critical right now as it seems that over the last few years many things were not raised. 3. The third change will be in terms of managing the markets and expectations of all stakeholders, ultimately it is the expectations of the markets or other stakeholders that push the employees to cover up things or show a bright picture when there is none.It is important to manage the expectations. The next key change after corporate governance is to ensure that we can capture the growing markets. To capture the new markets, we will have to make a couple of changes in the way we do business. These changes are likely to be as follows: 1. Lower the cost of drugs – most of the money goes into research. The drugs that conquer markets cost hundreds of millions of dollars to make. So the cost of developing drugs has to be lowered, once this cost is lowered, the cost of the drug per se can also be lowered accordingly.2. Come with products that cater to the growing segments there – it is likely that the people in the developing countries will be using medicines that are generic. For a branded product to conquer that market, the companies have to give an added value to their product. This might mean, reworking some of the old compounds and coming up with ‘extra strong versions’ or other versions that would differentiate the medicines BMS could come up with a line of medication aimed at women with PMS or aimed at people over 70.This might be the normal medicines, but with a different potency or properties so that they would be ‘better suited’ to a different age group. 3. Newer gene types  œ this might mean that there will be opportunities as people from different races might have different problems or might need different treatments. It is possible that the genes or body types in different races might respond differently to different molecules and thus would require modifications to the current molecules. Depending on the cost of doing this modification, BMS can decide to modify certain molecules to better suit different races.How will these areas be changed? What are the broad sets of proposals for change? The Critical Change requirement is Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance is something that every company talks and boasts about but as we can see in case of BMS, this has failed grossly. The company actively needs to change the situation within its departments and especially in the higher ranks to improve the Corporate Governance scenario and educate people about the problems that are caused because of bad governance.Before I dwell into how to combat corporat e governance, I would like to talk about why officials higher up in the ranks and even some in the lower ranks resort to concealing information that might be damaging to the company. The first reason is to ensure that their jobs are secure. If a person conceals information it is because they feel that the particular piece of information will be damaging to their job, their department or their interest. This is the basic level and it is very individualistic. However, it is this same thing that drives even the bigger corporate information scandals.The second reason for concealing information or reporting wrong figures is to ensure that the company meets its goals. To take an example from an IT company, it is one thing to not report a data theft because it might compromise the jobs of the IT security personnel, but quite another not to report the bugs that might exist in the new software that a company is making. Different projects have different timelines and it is critical for compan ies to meet those timelines as revenues and profits are based on the sales of that new product.If we take windows Vista for example, vista has been delayed numerous times and because of that many partners of Microsoft are suffering, especially Intel. Microsoft has in public announced about the delays; however a smaller company might choose to not mention a delay in their quarterly update. For the officials in the company it is something that protects the shareholders and other partners from the value perspective, but what they fail to see is the long term damage that their actions are causing.Concealing information today will have its repercussions in the next two quarters and eventually if someone finds out the true picture, the stock market will kill the script and the valuation will suffer enormously. However, a public announcement about the delay will cause temporary drop in the stock valuation (till the product is back on track or launched in the market) but on a personal level , it will affect the persons’ bonus (for sure) and the growth prospects of the higher ranks who were responsible for not delivering the results.The cost of revealing the truth means jobs and immediate losses in the stock markets. Many of the higher ranking officials have stock options and this makes it even more lucrative from a personal perspective to ensure that the company is shown in good light and seen as an entity that meets its goals and beats the market predictions. The corporate governance scenario gets worse because of the stock options but it can be much better if every one looked at the picture from a long term perspective. In the longer term, the company will deliver the products and make the profits.What every individual must realize is that a company will survive beyond every employee and every leader. One employee or a leader cannot make the company, there is always a team. However, a leader can easily break the company and corporate governance is one way of d oing it with much ease. Coming to ways on how BMS can change the corporate governance culture within the organization; I would recommend the following 3 changes: 1. Top down pressure to conceal information 2. Protective climate for whistle blowers 3. Managing the expectations of the stock market and other stakeholdersTop down pressure to conceal information Driving the first one seems to be the toughest one, but this is where the board members have to set the rules and deal facts with an iron hand. All directors and Country Heads must be responsible towards Corporate Governance and the Finance people especially should run their reports through the board. The board must appoint an independent third party evaluator and auditor to ensure that the reports being presented are correct and any discrepancy must be dealt by terminating the country head and seizing all stock options that the person may have.Termination with seizure of stock options at all levels will mean that the lure of a h igh stock price will not be a motivating factor in concealing information and we can expect people to take a long term view of the situation instead of a short term view based on when their stock options might be due. With a personal lure of money gone, the top management would be forced to look at share value in the longer term and hence won’t be pushing their direct reports to fudge information.In addition to this, I recommend that one board member be assigned the task of being an auditor and also the point of contact for all kind of tip-offs or corporate governance whistle blowers. This will give the employees all over the company more faith in the system. The biggest problem for whistle blowers or people who have issues with corporate governance is that they fear for their jobs and they fear that if they still have their jobs, they will be treated will disgust in the office for going against what might be termed as ‘normal practice’ in that division.The prese nce of a board member as a person who can look into corporate governance issues ensures that people can raise concerns in confidence without the fear or being outcastes at their jobs. This board member of course needs to have a team of people who will investigate the issues that are raised. At the middle management level or at the level where people head departments at country levels, the country head must tighten the leash and implement all corporate policies.The country heads must have audits from outside parties to ensure the authenticity of the financial statements and the systems within the company. At the lower management levels the managers should be responsible for their business. However; the ultimate responsibility would be with the middle management. The board member however, should be contactable by everyone within the organization. The organization change needed is to re-align the salary packages of the people who have stock options.This would entail the compensation an d benefits team to look at the packages again and set up a new corporate policy about rewarding and retaining employees. The major change is only for the upper management to ensure that they don’t abuse their power to increase the value of their shares. The stock option change will also weed out the people who do not have a longing for working with BMS. It is very important for a company to ensure that their top management is a group of people who take the company close to their heart, and of course these people are there for the long term.Protective climate for whistle blowers The next issue we need to cover is about protecting the whistle blowers. The appointment of a board member to look after the corporate governance issues should quell any fears that a person might have about corporate governance. In addition to this, a very small step that might go a long way is to bring up issues with a pseudo identity, where people can write in and give information without being oblig ated to divulge their identity even to the board member.The whistle blowers biggest fear is that their job and career gets jeopardized if it is found out that they were the ones who raised concerns that brought down the whole unit and the jobs of several people. People take it against them and they are outcaste. I also recommend that these people have help from outside sources such as counseling etc that may be needed as they grapple with the effects of being whistle blowers or as they continue to live without talking to anyone about being the whistle blowers.In addition to this, the company should actually owe these people an incentive for doing the company a favor by helping it exposing thing internally and managing the fall out and taking corrective actions. Such revelations by outsiders can be far more damaging and bring the company into disrepute apart from all the lawsuits and the hassles of the law. The board is always responsible for ensuring that things are going on smoothl y within the company and ultimate beneficiary of having an internal system that exposes the corporate governance problems within the company actually helps the board save the company and their own reputations.

English Language Coursework †Task One and Introduction Essay

Task One Robin Lakoff devised a theory of language and gender differences. She believed that women had a greater lexis when describing subjects such as colours where men would have a greater lexis in subjects such as sports. Lakoff also believed that women use more prestige grammar and clear pronunciation with more intensifiers than men. Therefore I have chosen to see whether these patterns occur within boys and girls aged 7-8 to see if they have developed these attributes even at an early age. The audience I feel that would be appropriate to my research are people who work with or study children, A level or university students and people with a general interest of this topic. This is because by working with children you will be keen to pick up new information to help you with your work so you may find some here and an A level student taking English language may look at this for an example. By observing the speech of children’s language I will be able to decide whether there is a difference in gender. People are influenced throughout their lives; they are influenced by things such as their environment, media and social groups. At an early age children are looking towards their families and peers to see how they should act. This shows children are aware upon how to communicate with others, therefore leading the possibility that even at a young age they have the same traits as an adult. The research question I have concluded with is, are language and gender differences apparent within children ages 7-8 as there are in adults? Robin Lakoff stated that there are differences in spoken language between men and women so I have decided to see if children still have these differences. The reason for this is because at such an early age every child is thought of the same and it is hard to see a dominate gender; this was a key issue with early studies of men and women. Robin Lakoff also said ‘women use hypercorrect grammar and pronunciation’ but since the children are only 7-8 years old they are still learning basic English skills. This means that this point will not apply here since the children are young. I have chosen this topic area because I was not aware that there was a gender difference in language until I was taught it. I have taken a interest in this because men and women are both educated in the same way and thought to be brought up the same so I believed that they would have the same attitude in language. Another reason I have chosen this is because women are seen as the less dominate gender but when I was a child I was not aware of this so I am interested to see if there are signs of this even at such a young age. I expect to find that even at an early age the boys will interrupt more as they tend to be very energetic whereas the girls will be more descriptive in describing an object. Introduction When studying English language I found out that there was gender differences within speech, this took my interest as I believe that women now are equal to men. I felt that some of these differences maybe because of the language men and women use. When researching this topic I found out that Robin Lakoff devised a theory that there are differences between the language of men and women and how males are more dominant speakers than females. This is because females are believed to be less assertive and tend not to interrupt during conversation like men do. This could branch onto discrimination as this a topic seen throughout life and it may give reasons to why females are discriminated more than males since they are not seen as the dominate gender. Another reason why I am doing this because I am interested how we develop our skills when we are young, why we develop them and who influences us on the language we use. I think the way we brought up and the language we are taught to use plays a big role in our society because I feel that each person uses their own distinctive language from each one and another, this is because I could tell a friend from another purely because of the vocabulary and dialect the person uses. Therefore I wanted to look to see if this still applies to boys and girls at a young age where they are seen to be innocent and they would not pick up on these differences. I will do this by talking to children ages 7-8 the same questions and taking down their response. The problem that may arise with this is that some children are more confident than others; this means they will not be as shy with their response as another child would.

Profiling Passengers Pros and Cons

Profiling Passengers Pros and Cons The threat of terrorism has made airport security measures a hot topic since 9/11. While passengers face ever-longer lists of prohibited items, security experts increasingly argue that it is passengers themselves, not the contents of their bags, that need to be scrutinized. Those in the air travel business may agree, as the time and inconvenience of getting through airport security grows, making air travel unattractive to customers. If passenger profiling works, it would be an effective way to prevent terrorists from attacking and save time and money for everyone else. Profiling Provokes Concerns Over Civil Liberties Civil Rights experts argue that passenger profiling violates passengers civil rights. Any profiling system requires creating stereotypes of their objects based on existing information. So, because the 9/11 attackers were all Arab Muslims, Arab Muslims are more likely to be profiled than others, which violates basic ideas about Americans equality. The chance that inaccuracies and prejudice will make their way into the system is good. Profilings Effectiveness Remains to Be Proven Profiling may not actually be effective. Profiling, when it replaces baggage screening, can have a negative effect on overall security, according to the American Civil Liberties Union: In 1972, the last year the United States used profiles to determine whose carry-on luggage would be X-rayed to stop hijacking, there were 28 hijackings of U.S. aircraft anyway. Hijacking dropped off when profiling was abandoned and every passengers carry-on luggage was X-rayed. Latest Developments The August 2006 arrest of 24 men planning to blow up aircraft leaving Heathrows airport using a combination of innocuous liquids re-opened the debate about effective airport screening. Later in the week, the British government announced that it is considering a passenger profiling system that would go beyond simply identifying passengers with specific racial or ethnic backgrounds. Amid extra security measures, delays and skyrocketing threat levels for passengers, analysts concluded that current hand-baggage screening technology is probably not sufficient to identify all potential bomb components, especially homemade ones. The trouble with airport security measures is that a lot of machines do not spot a lot of explosives. It is still a case of dogs and people taking their clothes off, Andy Oppenheimer, an editor for Janes Nuclear Biological Chemical Defense, told The Guardian. Background Airline passenger profiling got its official start in 1994 when Northwest Airlines began developing a computer-assisted passenger prescreening system (CAPPS). Following suspicions that the July 1996 crash of a TWA flight might have involved a bomb, the government began making recommendations that profiling through CAPPS should be made routine. Civil liberties organizations raised concerns that such programs are discriminatory. Their use remained widespread, however, and both a 1997 Justice Department report and 1998 Senate Subcommittee aviation hearings concluded that CAPPS was being implemented in a fair way. They recommended Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) oversight to make sure that profiling remained fair. Concerns about terrorism following 9/11 and advances in electronic information collection and gathering have raised the stakes. Following September 11, the Department of Homeland Security developed two programs, CAPPS II and the Secure Flight Program, both of which have been controversial on civil liberties grounds. CAPPS II, which required passengers to provide personal information when they made reservations, has been abandoned. Secure Flight requires airlines to share the names of passengers with the government for comparison with a centralized list of terrorist names. The government is also experimenting with low-tech forms of passenger profiling based on behavior pattern recognition. Security officers use the technique to flag passengers who seem to be acting suspiciously. While it is behavior, not race or ethnicity, thats being tagged, there are concerns that behavior pattern recognition can turn easily into racial profiling, or subject innocent people to illegal searches without a good pretext. The Screening Passengers by Observation Technique program, known as SPOT, has been in use in major city airports since 2004. The Case for Profiling While behavior pattern recognition hasnt yet stopped any terrorists, there is a lot of anecdotal evidence suggesting that it can. Officers using behavior pattern recognition techniques at major U.S. airports have successfully stopped people with fake identification, and others wanted for drug possession or other crimes. The threat of terrorism warrants adding these techniques to existing baggage screening technology. Passenger Profiling Is a Race-Neutral Technique Behavior pattern recognition is a race-neutral profiling technique in which screeners look for how people act, rather than the shade of their skin. In fact, profilers are prohibited from relying on race or other discriminatory factors to identify potential terrorists. A program analyst for the Transportation Security Administration called SPOT an antidote to racial profiling ... If you look for a certain race or ethnicity, youre making a big mistake. As for screening technologies that make use of electronic databases, our elected officials and others can pressure the government to notify the public that private information is being used, and adhere to other requirements. In fact, requiring the government to use technologies and techniques in an ethical way would be a great way to move beyond the well-debated conflict between liberty and security. The government can provide Americans with both by appropriately using profiling technology and methods. The Case Against Profiling Terrorists may go undetected by behavior pattern recognition profiling, despite the techniques success in capturing other criminals. Terrorists may be trained for long periods in how to control suspicious behaviors. And there are no existing profile templates for how terrorists behave, so it would be difficult to come up with a profile that predicts their specific ways of behaving. Profiling Can Amount to an Ethnic Witch Hunt There is such a high likelihood that profiling will turn into an ethnic witch hunt that it is not worth risking its use. The British implementation of similar profiling in August 2006 immediately provoked a Muslim police officer to call it an extreme form of stereotyping. Such a move by American authorities is likely to provoke similarly justified outrage and in the process damage the United States already troubled relationship with Islamic communities, both domestically and abroad. Profiling Technologies Violate Passengers Privacy Rights Northwest Airlines release of private citizens information to NASA in 2001-2002 suggests that neither the public nor private sector is interested in preserving Americans right to privacy. The availability of technology that encourages the coordination and use of even more personal information will make it increasingly difficult to enforce civil liberties, and although violations of rights may be discovered after the fact, the damage will already have been done. Stopping terrorists before they strike is key to protecting Americans security. But protecting the country also means aiming to protect its ideals. At the least, it would be ironic if the quest to protect the ideals of American freedom cost Americans their civil liberties.

Rutherford B. Hayes Biography - 19th President of the US

Rutherford B. Hayes Biography - 19th President of the US    Rutherford B. Hayess Childhood and Education: Hayes was born into a family that had a long history of military service. Both his grandparents fought in the American Revolution. Born on October 4, 1822 in Delaware, Ohio eleven weeks after his fathers death, Hayes was raised by his mother. He attended a Methodist school and a college preparatory academy before attending Kenyon College. He graduated first in his class. He then studied law before entering Harvard Law School. He graduated in 1845 and was admitted to the bar. Family Ties: Hayes was born to Rutherford Hayes, a merchant and farmer, and Sophia Birchard Hayes. He had one sister named Fanny A. Platt. On December 30, 1852, Hayes married Lucy Ware Webb. She would later be dubbed  Lemonade Lucy for her banning of alcohol at the White House. Together, they had four sons and one daughter.   Rutherford B. Hayess Career Before the Presidency: In 1845, Hayes began practicing law in Ohio. From 1858-61, he served as the Cincinnati City Solicitor. Hayes served in the Civil War, rising to the rank of major general of volunteers. He showed valor on the battlefield having been wounded several times. He resigned soon after Lee surrendered in 1865. Hayes was quickly elected as a U.S. Representative serving from 1865-67. In 1868, Hayes became the Governor of Ohio. He served from 1868-1872 and again from 1876-77 when he became President. Becoming the President: In 1876, Republicans chose Hayes to run for president. He was opposed by Democrat Samuel J. Tilden who won the popular vote. However, the vote in three Republican-controlled states was in confusion. Tilden only needed one electoral vote to win while Hayes needed every vote from all three. When doing the recount, many Democratic ballots were ruled invalid in Florida and Louisiana. A investigative commission voted 8-7 along party lines to give all the electoral votes to Hayes allowing him to win. Events and Accomplishments of Rutherford B. Hayes’s Presidency: Hayes began his administration with the Compromise of 1877 by which military occupation of the South ended. This helped satisfy Southerners who were upset over the results of the election. Currency and whether silver should be bought and turned into coins or whether instead greenbacks should be redeemable in gold was in contention. The Bland-Allison Act passed in 1878 over Hayes veto required the government to buy silver in order to create more coins. The idea was that increased availability of money would help farmers and debtors. In 1879, the Resuption of Specie Act passed that backed greenbacks created after January 1, 1879 to be redeemable in gold. In 1880, Hayes had his Secretary of State create a pact with China which restricted Chinese immigration due to an anti-Chinese movement out west. This was a compromise because Hayes had vetoed a bill which didnt allow Chinese to immigrate at all. Post-Presidential Period: Hayes never planned to run for a second term in office and retired in 1881. He spent the rest of his life devoted to causes of importance to him such as providing scholarships to African Americans and encouraging temperance. He was also one of the trustees of Ohio State University. He died on January 17, 1893 of a heart attack. Historical Significance: President Hayes had strongly held views which he pushed forward throughout his administration. He believed in and proposed civil service reform measures. Further, he set down a policy that a canal in Central America could only be under American control as the French were attempting to create one during his administration. This would eventually lead to the development of the Panama Canal.

Violence in Philadelphia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violence in Philadelphia - Research Paper Example Several organizations and centers have come into action to improve the conditions of the city by improving the morale and anger-management in the youth. These intend to improve the upcoming generations and simultaneously control the violence in Philadelphia. Apart from this, numerous pointers have also been identified by the local residents of Philadelphia through a community forum. These include law enforcement and severe penalties for those in defiance of the law. It also encourages the parental involvement in children’s lives in order to exercise control over them. Some have recognized the publicity of horrors the families of the unfortunate victims go through in order to make them realize the extent of these activities. An opinion has also arrived about controlling unwanted pregnancies by teenagers. The unwanted children have also become a factor of breeding hatred in the generations. Lastly, despite such negativity, it should not be forgotten that Philadelphia is indeed a beautiful tourist spot worth seeing and experiencing. Violence in Philadelphia: Philadelphia is a one of the largest and most populous cities of Northeastern United States, lying in the Common Wealth of Pennsylvania. It was once the capital of United States before the capital was shifted to Washington. Philadelphia is said to be enriched with cultural and traditional background, historical occurrences and symbolism. Philadelphia is known by other names as well like â€Å"Philly† and â€Å"City of Brotherly Love†. According to a source, â€Å"(Philadelphia) is the sixth most populous city in the US, fifth largest city area by population in the US, and the US’s fourth largest consumer media market† (Pennsylvania). It is believed that 1.5 million people reside in the city alone. Philadelphia has contributed immensely to the American history, serving as the grounds for American Revolution and American Independence efforts initiated by Benjamin Franklin back in the 18th century. It was once the geographic center for the thirteen American colonies. Hence Philadelphia has a rich historical background, loaded with culture, education and economic competency. Philadelphia is exclusively blessed in cases of heritage, education and business. Due to its strategic location and its historical use for revolutionary assembling, it reveals a rich and exotic heritage. The presence of technical colleges and study centers provide students with excellent learning and academic opportunities. Also, Philadelphia is known to be the most business-friendly city of the US. Tourism has recently sprung to light after the development of tourist attractions like series of hotels and preserved landmarks. However, the biggest drawback of this city of wonders is the presence of high violence activities in the city. Along with the bright elements found in the city is the presence of darker side in the form of high crime rates in the region. According to a report, Phil adelphia rates at 9th on the crime index, implying Philadelphia is safer than only 9% states if the US (Pennsylvania). The scale is measured from one to hundred, hundred being the safest region.

Research proposal in the public service (public services for example Essay

Research proposal in the public service (public services for example police, fire service etc...) - Essay Example are some of the important types of public services which a government arranges for the general public. With growing population, widening areas of services, growing public expectations, constant monitoring by the public and the media besides the government appointed regulatory mechanism the public services offices have come under severe pressure to perform well. The police services for example are now under pressure to sniff the terror plots being hatched by terrorists. In addition the crimes like online identity theft, internet banking frauds etc. are further addition to the list of crimes that the local police department is supposed to investigate. The manpower and resources on the other hand has not been match up with the exponential numbers and types of crimes. It is under such circumstances that at some places, question marks are being raised about the effectiveness of the public services. Discussions are also being held to figure out the possible remedial measures that could be taken up by the government/s to make such services more effective and efficient. The main intention of the study is to develop a better understanding of the concepts of public services in general and their effectiveness in these challenging times. During the study an effort would be made to study some of the recent incidents where the role of public services has been quite constructive. In addition, some such incidents will also be analysed where the role of public services has been criticised in the media or amongst the intelligentsia. The study will try to seek answers to the following key objectives. i. To analyze the availability of some pre-identified public services with respect to the numbers of people. This will involve comparison of per capita availability of such services in different regions. ii. What types of expectations do the general populace have from the government of the day iii. Find out the impact of public private cooperation in some fields. As a part of the corporate social responsibility, a number of corporate houses have also come forward in lending a helping hand to the people and the government. An effort would be made to assess how successful such associations proved in the recent past. iv. As responsible citizens we too have a responsibility towards the state and nation, which implies that we must allow the public service offices to function in an effective manner without hampering their cause or without burdening them with our irresponsible behaviour. An effort would therefore be to assess how conscious the citizens are towards their duty as responsible citizens in making the public services more effective. v. Analyse some of the public services like Fire services, police services, health services etc. This will be an effort to point out some areas which require attention in order to make such services more effective. Approach Research approaches and methods radically influence research content and, consequently, the policies designed in response to that content. If carried out in an objective manner, research not only helps the researcher in knowing about many unknown aspects, but it often provides a benchmark for future researches as well. This thesis is more of a qualitative case study which focuses on an

Antigone and Euthyphro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antigone and Euthyphro - Essay Example The nature of piety was altercated in ancient literature through the characters of Antigone and Euthyphro. Antigone and Euthyphro’s individual’s beliefs and perception of how rules must be taken were the forces that influenced them to choosing decisions that shaped their recognition about the nature of piety. The life story of Antigone indeed began with a tragedy, which had provoked her to make a decision that changed the course of her life, or perhaps, has become the instrument to ending her life through unjust means. Antigone was trapped in a situation, where she had to choose between what is right based on her conscience, and on what is right based on the legal code of Thebes. Apparently, conflicts were brought by the opposing view of Antigone and Creon on the type of law that must be sustained, referring to the divine law and the human law. Despite this conflicting belief, Antigone was certain that the human law does not surpass the divine law, when it comes to what is morally right for people. For this reason, she stood by her conviction that religious piety supersedes whatever law is created by people, who claim as rulers or kings in this world. For Antigone, even the punishment of death will not defy her devotion to the divine law. Antigone’s views adhere to the idea that there is more to life than being devoted to an earthly government, whose doctrines do not agree with the authentic nature of piety. That is, decisions in life must not dwell on human laws that dishonor the essence of the divine law -- the laws, which are there to guide people of what is morally right and wrong. By and large, Sophocles’s Antigone encapsulates the weaknesses of an earthly government, where the elected military leaders reap the benefits of them having judicial authority. Antigone is being oppressed by the tyranny of an earthy government that is ruled by a male leader, whose interpretation of justice violates the divine law. Still, in spite of th eir oppression, Antigone was willing to sacrifice her life so that Polyneices may rest in eternal peace. No earthly law hindered here to fulfilling her duty to the corpse of her brother Polyneices. In the end, Antigone may have died, but her pious devotion became the instrument to amending the flaws of the justice system in a city that is oppressed by tyrants. The story of Euthyphro, on the one hand, narrates the experiences of Euthyphro as he pushes for the prosecution of his own father, who had murdered a servant. Similar to Antigone, Euthyphro’s desire to let his father bear the consequences of his actions was a result of him believing that what he was doing was a pious thing. However, the presence of Socrates in this story made the character of Euthyphro confused over the real meaning of piety, for Euthyphro has always believed that making his father liable for killing an individual is the right thing to do, and that his father has committed a wrongdoing, which is impious . Socrates was the key to letting Euthyphro realize that his own beliefs of what is pious do not justify the act of being pious itself. Euthyphro agrees to the nature of piety but he did not fully understand how it may apply in seeking for authentic justice not in the eyes of an earthly court, but in the eyes of the gods. He was adamant to defend not his own father, but the victim, who his own father has killed, and for Euthyphro this is deemed an act of piety. It is an act of piety not because it is

Laser And Intense Pulsed Light Therapy

Laser And Intense Pulsed Light Therapy The focus of this assignment is to examine the current legislations applicable to an establishment of a laser or Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) practice within England. The aim is to demonstrate an understanding of the current market and undertake a critical review and evaluation of the range of equipment for the removal of hair and skin enhancement. The equipment is to include treatment of photo rejuvenation, acne and vascular abnormalities. The discussion points will outline the key requirements of the Care Quality Commission (CQC) in registering the use of IPL or laser treatments in a beauty clinic. It is vital to undertake a critical review of the latest advances in laser or IPL equipment on the market, including the types of conditions they can treat, and to ensure the equipment covers skin types 1 to 6 on the Fitzpatrick scale. When consider purchasing IPL or laser equipment for a new clinic discuss what factors need to be consider when selecting appropriate systems. Methodology The methods used to gain information regarding this assignment were secondary from books and websites. By using the search engine Google and taking information from books data was gathered to put this assignment together. Also primary research was carried out when discussing, with other managers, the registration process and equipment used within their establishment. Findings Outline the key requirements of the Care Quality Commission (CQC) in registering premises for the use of IPL or laser equipment. In April 2009 the CQC took over the Healthcare Commission and is established under the Health and Social Care Act (2008). The CQC outline specific standards that are adhered to by each type of independent healthcare provider such as non surgical cosmetic procedures including IPL. By law, certain establishments and agencies providing healthcare in the independent sector must be regulated by the Care Quality Commission (Care Quality Commission, 2009) it is the duty of the CQC to ensure the equipment is properly maintained and all staff involved in the use of the machinery are fully trained to operate it. This is to maintain standards of health and safety towards members of staff and clients. This includes annual checks on the establishments and paper work that includes training certificates and records of clients undergoing treatment. Before beginning the registration process there are requirements that a manager undergoes to ensure the process is dealt with efficiently. These include the set up of the treatment room, customer complaints policy, a statement of purpose, and a medical report, all of which should be written and documented to show proof to the CQC. When setting up a treatment room for the purpose of laser or IPL the area must be suitable for the procedure which includes no reflective surfaces, a cool cabinet or fridge, a treatment bed, room for the machine to manoeuvre, equipment for performing the treatment, razors and a sharps box. The lighting must be to a high standard and a lock on the door means no one could potentially walk in during the treatment. This is to ensure all health and safety measures have been taken to provide a safe working environment. Risk assessment of the laser controlled area is vital and needs to be updated yearly or when any new equipment is acquired. The risk assessment includes PAT testing, treatment room standards, COSHH on the products used and the appropriate health and safety guidelines. When applying to register for the first time the manager must first read the guidance on applying for registration. It is compulsory to complete application forms R1 and R1SOP, along with a self-assessment form available from the CQC website. If it is required to have a registered manager, the form R1A needs to also be completed. When apply for registration, there is a non-refundable application fee. A series of other information is required to fill out the forms mentioned above, which includes a copy of the applicants birth certificate, any certificates of a change of name, a recent passport photograph, a copy of certificates relating to any relevant professional qualification obtained, a copy of each applicants up-to-date curriculum vitae (CV), a medical report, two personal references and a pre-interview self-assessment questionnaire should be filled out sent to the CQC. A statement of purpose consists of information on the intention of the equipment; this should be outlined and u p dated when necessary and a copy should be sent to the CQC. The registration process cannot start until the appropriate fee has been submitted for laser and IPL from then on annual fees are applied. The registration process can then take eight to twelve weeks to complete. Key staff involved in the process of laser and IPL include the manager and owners of the business and the staff who will be operating the machinery. Staff training can be provided by appointed Colleges that have the facilities, alternatively when buying the machinery specific companies provide training. For staff to be eligible for training the minimum qualification is NVQ level 3 or equivalent in the Beauty sector. This is to ensure the therapists using the equipment have a high standard of anatomy and physiology. It is imperative that the employees are trained to a high standard as the equipment can be dangerous. It is the managers responsibility to ensure all therapists are competent and trained in the equipment before providing treatments. The policies needed to ensure the correct standards are maintained include consultation forms, records clinical controls and client protocols. It is the responsibility of the manager and all employees to maintain current accurate records of clients medical history, skin conditions and personal information and to ensure they are signed by both the client and the member of staff performing the treatment. Undertake a critical review of the latest advances in laser and IPL equipment on the market and the types of conditions they can treat. Ensure work covers equipment for skin types 1 to 6 Laser and IPL machines are ever advancing with technology. This provides companies with up to date knowledge and expertise which can enhance the treatments given and adapt to new ones. It is important to discover clients needs and expectations to find a treatment that can help with the majority of concerns. Research is obtained to ensure the products produced will have an impact and be successful. It is vital that the equipment chose by a business appeals to the majority of clients. As there are many different skin types the machinery has a Fitzpatrick Scale (see fig 1) the equipment should cater for all 6 skin types on the chart. The equipment neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12 (ND:Yag) and IPL are the only pieces of equipment that work on all 6 skin types of the Fitzpatrick Scale. See Appendix 5 for a table on a wide range of products that use laser and IPL. This table shows the ND:Yag and IPL equipment is versatile and adaptable to accommodate all skin types. Appendix 1 shows a comparison of the equipment which demonstrates the qualities and uses. It is shown that the IPL works on the upper layers of the skin to aid with skin rejuvenation and hair removal amongst other treatments. IPL treatments are well established and have had many studies and independent surveys performed on them. ND:Yag is the new technology so it does not have all information on long term affects and results. This equipment works on the lower layers of the skin and hair follicle to enhance the treatment. The ND:Yag provides treatments for acne treatment and works more effectively on darker skin types. Lynton are a leading recognised company in the UK providing equipment for the use of hair removal and skin rejuvenation using IPL Laser and ND:Yag technology. Lumina is a piece of equipment that is versatile and works on many skin conditions (see appendix 3) and has options to select from Intense Pulsed Light only or Intense Pulsed Light with laser. This piece of equipment is high powered for fast results and has the flexibility and adaptability to perform well in most businesses. The Lightseries is a piece of equipment that has the latest multifunctional Alexandrite technology (see appendix 4) to perform treatments similar to the Lumina. Both machines have benefits to the business and it would be down to the manager to decide which would be most suitable to the individual clientele. Consider purchasing IPL or laser equipment for a new clinic, include what factors need to consider when selecting appropriate systems When a manager decides to invest in a new piece of machinery there are many factors that need to be considered to ensure the purchase it suitable for the business. There are many points to a new piece of machinery including, latest technology, design, cost and function which need to be researched. Demonstrations from the different companys to provide presentations on the information gathered on the product can be invaluable to making a decision on where to invest. This provides an opportunity for the manager to see the machinery, packages, ask all questions and see a presentation on the results. It is important to gather all information and have written proof of offers; this provides some security with facts and figures, to refer to at a later stage. The company providing the machinery needs to be reputable and information on the companys back ground can be fundamental to evaluate whether an investment is worthy. The longer the company and product have been established can make impact on a managers decision. The company need to provide a good basis of knowledge and results of the equipment to prove its functionality. Independent studies are effective in sourcing information on a product and confirming results produced. Questions such as how likely the machine is to break down, and if it does how easily is it to call out an engineer and have the parts available for replacement should be clearly outlined by the company. It is vital to know how many engineers are close by, how often does it need servicing and how much time will this take away from clients receiving treatments. What is the contingency plan of the company, what happens when it does not go according to plan and how efficient and proactive are the company at providing r esults. What organisations are the company affiliated with and what customer support is provided will prove to a manager that the company are committed to the success of a business. The machine needs to suit a certain criteria including size, design, mobility, presentation and function. The function of the machine needs to appeal to the majority of clients skin types and conditions. From an accounts point of view cost is an important issue. How much are the start up costs, replacement parts, how much are servicing costs and how often are they performed. Profit needs to be considered as to how much could the machinery make for the business, how long before a return will be seen and how much will the marketing and advertising cost. The manager will asses staff training, what is required, how often and where the training will be carried out. The company should explain if the training is an additional cost or included in the cost of the equipment or package. With all of this information a manager can make an informed decision on the investment. Conclusion To summarise, the first task was to research the process of obtaining the permission of the CQC to provide laser and IPL treatments. The legislation process involves a lot of paperwork, time and effort. This venture takes planning and determination from a manager and thorough meticulous, attention to detail. The outcome of the assignment is to show understanding of the different companies that provide equipment and the types of equipment available. With good understanding of what is involved in the decision process a manager can make an informed choice of what is suitable for the business needs. From a managers point of view the information gathered can be the deciding factor on whether or not to invest in such a venture. From this assignment I found it interesting to look at the tasks from a managers point of view and reflect on what I may consider doing in the future to encourage expanding the treatment range available to clients. Bibliography ABC lasers (2010) Home (online) available from www.abclaser.co.uk accessed 1st April 2010 Aesthetic lasers (2010) IPL and Laser (online) available from http://www.laseroffers.com/category/risk-and-safety-issues-in-aesthetics/ipl-and-lasers/ accessed 1st April 2010 Alma Lasers (2009) Alma Lasers (online) available from www.almalasers.com accessed http://www.almalasers.com/products.jsp accessed 28th October 2009 Bickmore, R.H( 2004) Miladys Hair Removal techniques British Medical Laser Association (2010) Medical Laser Resource (online) available from http://www.bmla.co.uk/index.php/medical-laser-resources accessed 1st April 2010 Care Quality Commission (2010) Laser Lights (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Lasers_Lights.pdf accessed 1st April 2010 Eden Aesthetics (2010) Products (online) available from http://www.edenaesthetics.com/products.php accessed 29 the November 2009 Ellipse (2010) Ellipse Micro light (online) available from http://www.ellipseipl.co.uk/pdfs/Ellipse-MicroLite-Brochure.pdf accessed 13th February 2010 Goldberg, D. (2000), Laser Hair Removal. Martin Dunitz, London Godfrey, S. (2002), Principles and Practice of Electrical Epilation. Butterworth Heineman Lanigan, W.S. (2000) Lasers in Dermatology. London Springer Verlag Ltd. Lucid Training (2010) Core Knowledge (online) available from http://www.lucidtraining.co.uk/coreofknowledgecourses.htm accessed 13th February 2010 Reference Aesthetic lasers (2010) IPL and Laser (online) available from http://www.laseroffers.com/category/risk-and-safety-issues-in-aesthetics/ipl-and-lasers/ accessed 1st April 2010 Care Quality Commission (2010) Laser Lights (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Lasers_Lights.pdf accessed 13th February 2010 Care Quality Commission (2010) Guidance on applying for Registration (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/_db/_documents/Guidance_on_applying_for_registration_Independent_private_and_voluntary_healthcare.pdf accessed 13th February 2010 Care Quality Commission (2009) Guidance for Professionals (online) available from http://www.cqc.org.uk/guidanceforprofessionals/registration/independenthealthcareservices/howtoregister.cfm accessed 28th October 2009 Laser hair removal review(2009) Fitzpatrick Scale (online) available from http://www.laserhairremovalreview.com/comparison.html accessed 29 the November 2009 Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) available from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix Appendix 1 YAG 1064 nm Lasers Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Devices Applications Hair Removal, Photo rejuvenation, Skin Tightening, Active Acne treatment, Telangiectasias (spider veins), Rosacea, Sun Age Spots, Pseudofolliculitis Barbae. Hair Removal, Photo rejuvenation, Sun Age Spots, Rosacea. Efficacy High power to dermis: more energy to follicles, vessels, collagen, sebaceous glands. High power absorption in epidermis: less energy to deep dermal structures. Comfort Less painful due to shorter pulse durations. Painful due to tendency to super heat epidermal melanin. Skin cooling gels or equipment needed. Risk of Side Effects Safe on all Skin Types. all Skin Types. Consumables Few or none. Frequent head replacements (on average after 30,000 pulses), filters and gels annual cost $5,000-$10,000. Aesthetic lasers (2010) IPL and Laser (online) available from http://www.laseroffers.com/category/risk-and-safety-issues-in-aesthetics/ipl-and-lasers/ accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix 2 Lynton New Product information company equipment description use Lynton LP YAG HANDPIECE long pulsed Nd:YAG to add to a LUMINA base system hair removal for darker skin, skin rejuvenation, and leg veins for darker skin Lynton OMNILUX ideal for small treatment rooms, or those just starting out non invasive light therapy. Multiple treatment heads for use on acne, skin rejuvenation, wrinkles, non-melanoma skin cancer and psoriasis. Lynton Q-PLUS SERIES active q-switched Nd:Yag Laser with out puts at 1064nm and 532nm for use on epidermal and dermal pigmentation lesions and multicoloured tattoo fading and removal Lynton Q-PLUS C a single system combining actively Q-Switched YAG and Ruby Lasers providing outputs of 1064nm. 532nm and 694nm. For use on fading and removing tattoos of all colours and treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmented lesions. Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) avalabie from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix 3 Lynton Lumina LUMINA The flexible dermatological tool-box with Intense Pulsed Light, Laser and Q-Switched Laser technology. This clinically proven medical system leads the aesthetic sector in application versatility and revenue capability, with combined Intense Pulsed Light and Laser treatments. LUMINA is unrivalled in its system lifetime and flexibility, treating deep and superficial vascular lesions, unwanted hair, superficial and dermal pigmentation, photo-rejuvenation, active acne and multi-coloured tattoos. LUMINA has many unique features, including integral printer for treatment record keeping, patient database for instant and accurate records and digital imaging, as well as Interchangeable Light Guide (ILG) technology, all in a platform designed to accept application upgrades. Uniquely, LUMINA can be taken as an Intense Pulsed Light only specification at first and upgraded to add further Intense Pulsed Light handpieces and Laser accessories as required onto its compact single platform, givi ng a truly lifetime service. Please note LUMINA Intense Pulsed Light and Laser options require registration with the Care QualityCommission. KEY FACTS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Select from Intense Pulsed Light only orIntense Pulsed Lightwith laser options à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High power for fastresults à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lifetime flexibilityand adaptability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The leading UKaesthetic system Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) avalabie from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010 Appendix 4 LIGHT SERIES The latest multifunctional Alexandrite, KTP and Nd:YAG Laser Platforms LIGHT Series systems are characterized by the best long pulsed laser technology available today, and the ability to combine multiple wavelengths into a single unit results in an extremely cost-effective system that allows a wide range of treatment possibilities and a rapid return on investment. The LIGHT A is an alexandrite laser at 755nm, the Gold Standard in permanent laser hair reduction for skin types I-IV and pigmented lesions. The LIGHT A* combines long pulsed Nd:YAG and alexandrite, resulting in the most comprehensive hair removal system on the market. It can also operate in short pulsed Nd:YAG mode, which is specifically designed for collagen remodelling and skin rejuvenation. The LIGHT C Long/Short Pulsed Nd:YAG (1064nm) Long Pulsed KTP (532nm) is ideal for practitioners who want to offer a wide range of treatments such as port wine stains, vascular treatments, post-sclerotherapy matting, rosacea, pigmented lesions, hair removal for all skin types, skin rejuvenation and tightening, and leg veins all in one system. Lynton (2010) Lumina (online) available from http://www.lynton.co.uk/product_details.php?id=45 accessed 1st April 2010